Surgery — Carbohydrates and Proteins 3h Before Surgery
Citation(s)
de Aguilar-Nascimento JE, Dock-Nascimento DB Reducing preoperative fasting time: A trend based on evidence. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2010 Mar 27;2(3):57-60. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v2.i3.57.
Dock-Nascimento DB, de Aguilar-Nascimento JE, Magalhaes Faria MS, Caporossi C, Slhessarenko N, Waitzberg DL Evaluation of the effects of a preoperative 2-hour fast with maltodextrine and glutamine on insulin resistance, acute-phase response, nitrogen balance, and serum glutathione after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a controlled randomized trial. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2012 Jan;36(1):43-52. doi: 10.1177/0148607111422719.
Effects of the Abbreviation of Preoperative Fasting With Carbohydrates and Hydrolized Proteins on the Inflammatory Response and Insulin Resistance After Major Abdominal Operations
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
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Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
