Superficial Lymphadenopathy — Elastography in Superficial Lymphadenopathy
Citation(s)
Acu L, Oktar SÖ, Acu R, Yücel C, Cebeci S Value of Ultrasound Elastography in the Differential Diagnosis of Cervical Lymph Nodes: A Comparative Study With B-mode and Color Doppler Sonography. J Ultrasound Med. 2016 Nov;35(11):2491-2499.
Bhatia KS, Lee YY, Yuen EH, Ahuja AT Ultrasound elastography in the head and neck. Part I. Basic principles and practical aspects. Cancer Imaging. 2013 Jul 22;13(2):253-9. doi: 10.1102/1470-7330.2013.0026. Review.
Cheng KL, Choi YJ, Shim WH, Lee JH, Baek JH Virtual Touch Tissue Imaging Quantification Shear Wave Elastography: Prospective Assessment of Cervical Lymph Nodes. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2016 Feb;42(2):378-86. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.10.003. Epub 2015 Nov 6.
Choi YJ, Lee JH, Lim HK, Kim SY, Han MW, Cho KJ, Baek JH Quantitative shear wave elastography in the evaluation of metastatic cervical lymph nodes. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2013 Jun;39(6):935-40. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.12.009. Epub 2013 Feb 27.
Kiliç A, Çolakoglu Er H Virtual touch tissue imaging quantification shear wave elastography for determining benign versus malignant cervical lymph nodes: a comparison with conventional ultrasound. Diagn Interv Radiol. 2019 Mar;25(2):114-121. doi: 10.5152/dir.2019.18406.
Naik RM, Pai A, Guruprasad Y, Singh R Efficacy of colour Doppler ultrasound in diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2013 Jun;12(2):123-9. doi: 10.1007/s12663-012-0395-1. Epub 2012 Aug 24.
Suh CH, Choi YJ, Baek JH, Lee JH The diagnostic performance of shear wave elastography for malignant cervical lymph nodes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol. 2017 Jan;27(1):222-230. Epub 2016 May 5. Review.
Value of Ultrasound Elastography in Characterization of Superficial Lymphadenopathy
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
