Laudenslager, M L., Neu, M., Riggs, P., Goldstein, M., & Lohman, M. Refinements in a novel technique for collecting saliva for steroid hormone determinations. Brain Behavior, and Immunity, 17 (3), 186, 2003.
Libby AM, Orton HD, Stover SK, Riggs PD What came first, major depression or substance use disorder? Clinical characteristics and substance use comparing teens in a treatment cohort. Addict Behav. 2005 Oct;30(9):1649-62.
Libby AM, Riggs PD Integrated substance use and mental health treatment for adolescents: aligning organizational and financial incentives. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2005 Oct;15(5):826-34. Review.
Libby, A M. and Riggs, P.D. The Economics of Integrated Care for Adolescents with Mental and Substance Use Disorders. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 15(5): October 2005
Riggs PD, Davies RD A clinical approach to integrating treatment for adolescent depression and substance abuse. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002 Oct;41(10):1253-5.
Riggs PD Treating adolescents for substance abuse and comorbid psychiatric disorders. Sci Pract Perspect. 2003 Aug;2(1):18-29.
Riggs, P D. Understanding the Abuse of Commonly Prescribed Medications and Approaches to Prevention. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2007
Thurstone C, Riggs PD, Klein C, Mikulich-Gilbertson SK A one-session human immunodeficiency virus risk-reduction intervention in adolescents with psychiatric and substance use disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007 Sep;46(9):1179-86.
Substance Dependent Teens - Impact of Treating Depression Study 1
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
