Subacute Low Back Pain — Subacute Low Back Pain in Active Duty
Citation(s)
Baek SO, Cho HK, Kim SY, Jones R, Cho YW, Ahn SH Changes in deep lumbar stabilizing muscle thickness by transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation in patients with low back pain. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2016 Jun 17. [Epub ahead of print]
Coghlan S, Crowe L, McCarthypersson U, Minogue C, Caulfield B Neuromuscular electrical stimulation training results in enhanced activation of spinal stabilizing muscles during spinal loading and improvements in pain ratings. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2011;2011:7622-5. doi: 10.1109/IEMBS.2011.6091878.
Glaser JA, Baltz MA, Nietert PJ, Bensen CV Electrical muscle stimulation as an adjunct to exercise therapy in the treatment of nonacute low back pain: a randomized trial. J Pain. 2001 Oct;2(5):295-300.
Hurst NP, Ruta DA, Kind P Comparison of the MOS short form-12 (SF12) health status questionnaire with the SF36 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol. 1998 Aug;37(8):862-9.
Kendall KD, Emery CA, Wiley JP, Ferber R The effect of the addition of hip strengthening exercises to a lumbopelvic exercise programme for the treatment of non-specific low back pain: A randomized controlled trial. J Sci Med Sport. 2015 Nov;18(6):626-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.11.006. Epub 2014 Nov 13.
Koes BW, van Tulder M, Lin CW, Macedo LG, McAuley J, Maher C An updated overview of clinical guidelines for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care. Eur Spine J. 2010 Dec;19(12):2075-94. doi: 10.1007/s00586-010-1502-y. Epub 2010 Jul 3. Review.
Marshall PW, Murphy BA Evaluation of functional and neuromuscular changes after exercise rehabilitation for low back pain using a Swiss ball: a pilot study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2006 Sep;29(7):550-60.
McHorney CA, Ware JE Jr, Lu JF, Sherbourne CD The MOS 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): III. Tests of data quality, scaling assumptions, and reliability across diverse patient groups. Med Care. 1994 Jan;32(1):40-66.
McHorney CA, Ware JE Jr, Raczek AE The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): II. Psychometric and clinical tests of validity in measuring physical and mental health constructs. Med Care. 1993 Mar;31(3):247-63.
Moore SR, Shurman J Combined neuromuscular electrical stimulation and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for treatment of chronic back pain: a double-blind, repeated measures comparison. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997 Jan;78(1):55-60.
Myers JK, Weissman MM Use of a self-report symptom scale to detect depression in a community sample. Am J Psychiatry. 1980 Sep;137(9):1081-4.
Ruta DA, Garratt AM, Wardlaw D, Russell IT Developing a valid and reliable measure of health outcome for patients with low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1994 Sep 1;19(17):1887-96.
Ware JE, Jr ,, Kosinski M, Turner-Bowker DM, Gandek B. User's Manual for the SF-12v2® Health Survey with a Supplement Documenting SF-12® Health Survey. . Lincoln, RI: QualityMetric Incorporated; 2002.
Home-based Approaches for Subacute Low Back Pain in Active Duty: Randomized, Controlled Trial
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.