Stuttering, Adult — Bihemispheric Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation* on Speech Fluency
Citation(s)
Chesters J, Mottonen R, Watkins KE Transcranial direct current stimulation over left inferior frontal cortex improves speech fluency in adults who stutter. Brain. 2018 Apr 1;141(4):1161-1171. doi: 10.1093/brain/awy011.
Garnett EO, Chow HM, Choo AL, Chang SE Stuttering Severity Modulates Effects of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Adults Who Stutter. Front Hum Neurosci. 2019 Nov 21;13:411. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00411. eCollection 2019.
Yada Y, Tomisato S, Hashimoto RI Online cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation to the right homologue of Broca's area improves speech fluency in people who stutter. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2019 Feb;73(2):63-69. doi: 10.1111/pcn.12796. Epub 2018 Dec 11.
An Investigation of the Effect of 5 Consecutive Days of Bihemispheric TDCS on Speech Fluency in Individuals With Stuttering
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
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Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
