Stroke — Effects of an Overground Propulsion Neuroprosthesis in Community-dwelling Individuals After Stroke
Citation(s)
Awad LN, Hsiao H, Binder-Macleod SA Central Drive to the Paretic Ankle Plantarflexors Affects the Relationship Between Propulsion and Walking Speed After Stroke. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2020 Jan;44(1):42-48. doi: 10.1097/NPT.0000000000000299.
Awad LN, Kesar TM, Reisman D, Binder-Macleod SA Effects of repeated treadmill testing and electrical stimulation on post-stroke gait kinematics. Gait Posture. 2013 Jan;37(1):67-71. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.06.001. Epub 2012 Jul 15.
Awad LN, Reisman DS, Kesar TM, Binder-Macleod SA Targeting paretic propulsion to improve poststroke walking function: a preliminary study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014 May;95(5):840-8. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.12.012. Epub 2013 Dec 28.
Bowden MG, Balasubramanian CK, Neptune RR, Kautz SA Anterior-posterior ground reaction forces as a measure of paretic leg contribution in hemiparetic walking. Stroke. 2006 Mar;37(3):872-6. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000204063.75779.8d. Epub 2006 Feb 2.
Chen G, Patten C, Kothari DH, Zajac FE Gait differences between individuals with post-stroke hemiparesis and non-disabled controls at matched speeds. Gait Posture. 2005 Aug;22(1):51-6. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2004.06.009.
Nadeau S, Gravel D, Arsenault AB, Bourbonnais D Plantarflexor weakness as a limiting factor of gait speed in stroke subjects and the compensating role of hip flexors. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 1999 Feb;14(2):125-35. doi: 10.1016/s0268-0033(98)00062-x.
Roelker SA, Bowden MG, Kautz SA, Neptune RR Paretic propulsion as a measure of walking performance and functional motor recovery post-stroke: A review. Gait Posture. 2019 Feb;68:6-14. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.10.027. Epub 2018 Oct 25.
Effects of an Overground Propulsion Neuroprosthesis in Community-dwelling Individuals After Stroke
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
