Stroke — Effects of Mental Practice for Mobility in Post-stroke Hemiparesis
Citation(s)
Braun S, Kleynen M, van Heel T, Kruithof N, Wade D, Beurskens A The effects of mental practice in neurological rehabilitation; a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Hum Neurosci. 2013 Aug 2;7:390. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00390. eCollection 2013.
Decety J The neurophysiological basis of motor imagery. Behav Brain Res. 1996 May;77(1-2):45-52. Review.
Dunsky A, Dickstein R, Marcovitz E, Levy S, Deutsch JE Home-based motor imagery training for gait rehabilitation of people with chronic poststroke hemiparesis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 Aug;89(8):1580-8. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.12.039. Erratum in: Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 Nov;89(11):2223. Deutsch, Judith [corrected to Deutsch, Judith E].
Hadidi N, Buckwalter K, Lindquist R, Rangen C Lessons learned in recruitment and retention of stroke survivors. J Neurosci Nurs. 2012 Apr;44(2):105-10. doi: 10.1097/JNN.0b013e3182478c96.
Malouin F, Richards CL, Durand A, Doyon J Added value of mental practice combined with a small amount of physical practice on the relearning of rising and sitting post-stroke: a pilot study. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2009 Dec;33(4):195-202. doi: 10.1097/NPT.0b013e3181c2112b.
Malouin F, Richards CL, Durand A, Doyon J Clinical assessment of motor imagery after stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2008 Jul-Aug;22(4):330-40. doi: 10.1177/1545968307313499. Epub 2008 Mar 6.
Malouin F, Richards CL, Jackson PL, Lafleur MF, Durand A, Doyon J The Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ) for assessing motor imagery in persons with physical disabilities: a reliability and construct validity study. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2007 Mar;31(1):20-9.
Page SJ, Dunning K, Hermann V, Leonard A, Levine P Longer versus shorter mental practice sessions for affected upper extremity movement after stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2011 Jul;25(7):627-37. doi: 10.1177/0269215510395793. Epub 2011 Mar 22.
Page SJ, Levine P, Leonard AC Effects of mental practice on affected limb use and function in chronic stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005 Mar;86(3):399-402.
Page SJ Mental practice: a promising restorative technique in stroke rehabilitation. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2001 Autumn;8(3):54-63.
Sirigu A, Duhamel JR Motor and visual imagery as two complementary but neurally dissociable mental processes. J Cogn Neurosci. 2001 Oct 1;13(7):910-9.
Zhang S, He WB, Chen NH Causes of death among persons who survive an acute ischemic stroke. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2014 Aug;14(8):467. doi: 10.1007/s11910-014-0467-3. Review.
Effects of Mental Practice for Mobility in Post-stroke Hemiparesis: Randomized Controlled Trial of Efficacy.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.