Stroke — Comparing ESWT Doses for Post-Stroke Ankle Spasticity Treatment
Citation(s)
Fan T, Zhou X, He P, Zhan X, Zheng P, Chen R, Li R, Li R, Wei M, Zhang X, Huang G Effects of Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Flexor Spasticity of the Upper Limb in Post-stroke Patients: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Neurol. 2021 Sep 9;12:712512. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.712512. eCollection 2021.
Ward AB A literature review of the pathophysiology and onset of post-stroke spasticity. Eur J Neurol. 2012 Jan;19(1):21-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03448.x. Epub 2011 Jun 27.
Yoon SH, Shin MK, Choi EJ, Kang HJ Effective Site for the Application of Extracorporeal Shock-Wave Therapy on Spasticity in Chronic Stroke: Muscle Belly or Myotendinous Junction. Ann Rehabil Med. 2017 Aug;41(4):547-555. doi: 10.5535/arm.2017.41.4.547. Epub 2017 Aug 31.
The Dose Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shockwave on Plantar Flexor Spasticity of Ankle in Stroke Patients: a Randomised Controlled Trial
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
