Stroke — Cognitive Evaluation for Driving After a Stroke.
Citation(s)
Bellagamba D, Vionnet L, Margot-Cattin I, Vaucher P Standardized on-road tests assessing fitness-to-drive in people with cognitive impairments: A systematic review. PLoS One. 2020 May 18;15(5):e0233125. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233125. eCollection 2020.
Fields SM, Unsworth CA Revision of the Competency Standards for Occupational Therapy Driver Assessors: An overview of the evidence for the inclusion of cognitive and perceptual assessments within fitness-to-drive evaluations. Aust Occup Ther J. 2017 Aug;64(4):328-339. doi: 10.1111/1440-1630.12379. Epub 2017 May 19.
Selander H, Wressle E, Samuelsson K Cognitive prerequisites for fitness to drive: Norm values for the TMT, UFOV and NorSDSA tests. Scand J Occup Ther. 2020 Apr;27(3):231-239. doi: 10.1080/11038128.2019.1614214. Epub 2019 May 15.
Unsworth CA, Baker A, Lannin N, Harries P, Strahan J, Browne M Predicting fitness-to-drive following stroke using the Occupational Therapy - Driver Off Road Assessment Battery. Disabil Rehabil. 2019 Jul;41(15):1797-1802. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1445784. Epub 2018 Feb 28.
Wolfe PL, Lehockey KA Neuropsychological Assessment of Driving Capacity. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2016 Sep;31(6):517-29. doi: 10.1093/arclin/acw050. Epub 2016 Jul 29.
Elaboration of a Sensitive Evaluation Protocol to the Necessary Cognitive Processes for Driving After Stroke
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
