Stroke — Investigation of Knee Hyperextension and Femoral Cartilage Thickness in Chronic Stroke Patients
Citation(s)
Cooper A, Alghamdi GA, Alghamdi MA, Altowaijri A, Richardson S The relationship of lower limb muscle strength and knee joint hyperextension during the stance phase of gait in hemiparetic stroke patients. Physiother Res Int. 2012 Sep;17(3):150-6. doi: 10.1002/pri.528. Epub 2011 Dec 7.
Tunc H, Oken O, Kara M, Tiftik T, Dogu B, Unlu Z, Ozcakar L Ultrasonographic measurement of the femoral cartilage thickness in hemiparetic patients after stroke. Int J Rehabil Res. 2012 Sep;35(3):203-7. doi: 10.1097/MRR.0b013e3283532736.
Yalcin S, Kara M, Ozturk GT, Ozcakar L Ultrasonographic measurements of the metacarpal and talar cartilage thicknesses in hemiplegic patients after stroke. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2017 Jan;24(1):1-4. doi: 10.1080/10749357.2016.1183357. Epub 2016 May 9.
Investigation of Knee Hyperextension and Femoral Cartilage Thickness in Chronic Stroke Patients
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
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Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
