Peles O, Werner-Reiss U, Bergman H, Israel Z, Vaadia E Phase-Specific Microstimulation Differentially Modulates Beta Oscillations and Affects Behavior. Cell Rep. 2020 Feb 25;30(8):2555-2566.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.005.
Prasad G, Herman P, Coyle D, McDonough S, Crosbie J Applying a brain-computer interface to support motor imagery practice in people with stroke for upper limb recovery: a feasibility study. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2010 Dec 14;7:60. doi: 10.1186/1743-0003-7-6
Seo NJ, Rymer WZ, Kamper DG Delays in grip initiation and termination in persons with stroke: effects of arm support and active muscle stretch exercise. J Neurophysiol. 2009 Jun;101(6):3108-15. doi: 10.1152/jn.91108.2008. Epub 2009 Apr 8.
Triandafilou KM, Kamper DG Carryover effects of cyclical stretching of the digits on hand function in stroke survivors. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014 Aug;95(8):1571-6. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.04.008. Epub 2014 May 2.
Yuan H, He B Brain-computer interfaces using sensorimotor rhythms: current state and future perspectives. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2014 May;61(5):1425-35. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2014.2312397.
Electroencephalographic Correlates of Glove-stretch Therapy Post-stroke
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
