Stroke — Exer-gaming on Upper Extremity Function and Activities of Daily Living in Sub-acute Stroke Patient.
Citation(s)
Ahmad MA, Singh DKA, Mohd Nordin NA, Hooi Nee K, Ibrahim N Virtual Reality Games as an Adjunct in Improving Upper Limb Function and General Health among Stroke Survivors. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Dec 16;16(24). pii: E5144. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16245144.
Henrique PPB, Colussi EL, De Marchi ACB Effects of Exergame on Patients' Balance and Upper Limb Motor Function after Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2019 Aug;28(8):2351-2357. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.05.031. Epub 2019 Jun 13.
Kim JH Effects of a virtual reality video game exercise program on upper extremity function and daily living activities in stroke patients. J Phys Ther Sci. 2018 Dec;30(12):1408-1411. doi: 10.1589/jpts.30.1408. Epub 2018 Nov 21.
Sin H, Lee G Additional virtual reality training using Xbox Kinect in stroke survivors with hemiplegia. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2013 Oct;92(10):871-80. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e3182a38e40.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
