Stroke — The Effect of Vestibulo-ocular Reflex Improving Exercise on Gait and Balance Among Post Stroke Sub Acute Patients
Citation(s)
Balci BD, Akdal G, Yaka E, Angin S Vestibular rehabilitation in acute central vestibulopathy: a randomized controlled trial. J Vestib Res. 2013;23(4-5):259-67. doi: 10.3233/VES-130491.
Bohannon RW Comfortable and maximum walking speed of adults aged 20-79 years: reference values and determinants. Age Ageing. 1997 Jan;26(1):15-9.
Clendaniel RA The effects of habituation and gaze stability exercises in the treatment of unilateral vestibular hypofunction: a preliminary results. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2010 Jun;34(2):111-6. doi: 10.1097/NPT.0b013e3181deca01.
Ferrè ER, Day BL, Bottini G, Haggard P How the vestibular system interacts with somatosensory perception: a sham-controlled study with galvanic vestibular stimulation. Neurosci Lett. 2013 Aug 29;550:35-40. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.06.046. Epub 2013 Jul 1.
Ferrè ER, Walther LE, Haggard P Multisensory interactions between vestibular, visual and somatosensory signals. PLoS One. 2015 Apr 13;10(4):e0124573. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124573. eCollection 2015.
GBD 2016 DALYs and HALE Collaborators Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2017 Sep 16;390(10100):1260-1344. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32130-X. Erratum in: Lancet. 2017 Oct 28;390(10106):e38.
Keshner EA, Kenyon RV, Langston J Postural responses exhibit multisensory dependencies with discordant visual and support surface motion. J Vestib Res. 2004;14(4):307-19.
Keshner EA, Kenyon RV The influence of an immersive virtual environment on the segmental organization of postural stabilizing responses. J Vestib Res. 2000;10(4-5):207-19.
Lamontagne A, Fung J Gaze and postural reorientation in the control of locomotor steering after stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2009 Mar-Apr;23(3):256-66. doi: 10.1177/1545968308324549. Epub 2008 Dec 5.
Longridge NS, Mallinson AI The dynamic illegible E-test. A technique for assessing the vestibulo-ocular reflex. Acta Otolaryngol. 1987 Mar-Apr;103(3-4):273-9.
Maas EF, Huebner WP, Seidman SH, Leigh RJ Behavior of human horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex in response to high-acceleration stimuli. Brain Res. 1989 Oct 9;499(1):153-6.
Marchetti GF, Whitney SL, Blatt PJ, Morris LO, Vance JM Temporal and spatial characteristics of gait during performance of the Dynamic Gait Index in people with and people without balance or vestibular disorders. Phys Ther. 2008 May;88(5):640-51. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20070130. Epub 2008 Feb 21.
Mitsutake T, Sakamoto M, Ueta K, Oka S, Horikawa E Effects of vestibular rehabilitation on gait performance in poststroke patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Int J Rehabil Res. 2017 Sep;40(3):240-245. doi: 10.1097/MRR.0000000000000234.
Podsiadlo D, Richardson S The timed "Up & Go": a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991 Feb;39(2):142-8.
Powell LE, Myers AM The Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1995 Jan;50A(1):M28-34.
Yeole UL, Raut RV Effect of proprioceptive exercise program versus vestibular rehabilitation therapy on risk of fall in elderly. 2018;3(December):117-122.
The Effect of Vestibulo-ocular Reflex Improving Exercise on Gait and Balance Among Post Stroke Sub Acute Patients
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
