Stroke — Sarcopenia and Risk of Falls in Patients With Major Chronic Diseases
Citation(s)
Biolo G, Cederholm T, Muscaritoli M Muscle contractile and metabolic dysfunction is a common feature of sarcopenia of aging and chronic diseases: from sarcopenic obesity to cachexia. Clin Nutr. 2014 Oct;33(5):737-48. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.03.007. Epub 2014 Mar 29.
Hyndman D, Ashburn A, Stack E Fall events among people with stroke living in the community: circumstances of falls and characteristics of fallers. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002 Feb;83(2):165-70.
Kutner NG, Zhang R, Huang Y, Wasse H Falls among hemodialysis patients: potential opportunities for prevention? Clin Kidney J. 2014 Jun;7(3):257-63. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfu034. Epub 2014 Apr 15.
Liu CJ, Latham NK Progressive resistance strength training for improving physical function in older adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Jul 8;(3):CD002759. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002759.pub2. Review.
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Sarcopenia and Risk of Falls in Patients With Major Chronic Diseases - Effects of Therapeutic Exercise and Nutrition Intervention
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
