Stroke — Serum BDNF Role as a Biomarker for Stroke Rehabilitation
Citation(s)
Chang WH, Bang OY, Shin YI, Lee A, Pascual-Leone A, Kim YH BDNF polymorphism and differential rTMS effects on motor recovery of stroke patients. Brain Stimul. 2014 Jul-Aug;7(4):553-8. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2014.03.008. Epub 2014 Mar 26.
Chang WH, Hwang JM, Uhm KE, Pascual-Leone A, Kim YH Corticospinal excitability in the non-dominant hand is affected by BDNF genotype. Neurol Sci. 2017 Feb;38(2):241-247. doi: 10.1007/s10072-016-2749-9. Epub 2016 Oct 25.
Hwang JM, Kim YH, Yoon KJ, Uhm KE, Chang WH Different responses to facilitatory rTMS according to BDNF genotype. Clin Neurophysiol. 2015 Jul;126(7):1348-53. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.09.028. Epub 2014 Oct 12.
Uhm KE, Kim YH, Yoon KJ, Hwang JM, Chang WH BDNF genotype influence the efficacy of rTMS in stroke patients. Neurosci Lett. 2015 May 6;594:117-21. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.03.053. Epub 2015 Mar 26.
Serum BDNF Role as a Biomarker for Stroke Rehabilitation
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
