Stroke — Analysis of Stroke Rehabilitation Outcomes
Citation(s)
Frantz, M A.; Woznica, D., Schwabe, E.; Villanueva, M., Toglia, J., O'Dell, M. AM-PAC correlates with measures of impairment at discharge from inpatient stroke rehabilitation. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation: 93(3): a1-a97, 2014.
Martinez, A J., Fitzgerald, K. A., Mastrogiovanni, A. R., O'Dell, M. W., & Toglia, J. Exploring the Relationship of the Visuoexecutive Subscore of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Trails B to Functional Outcomes in Patients With Stroke. PM&R, 3(10): S162, 2011.
Mastrogiovanni, A , Toglia, J., & O'Dell, M. Relationship between Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) and Cognition after Mild Acute Stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 95(10), e12, 2014.
Meyer, A , Batistick, H., Toglia, J., Taub, M., & O'Dell, M. (2016). Factors Associated with a Large Time Differential Between Timed Up and Go and Gait Speed During Inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 97(10), e70-e71.
O'Dell, M , Toglia, J., & Taub, M. Predicting Participation Level Six Month Following Inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 10(96): e56, 2015.
Parfene, C , Toglia, J., Taub, M., & O'Dell, M. W. Differences in identifying memory impairment using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised delayed recall scores in an acute stroke population. Clinical Neuropsychologist 30(3): 393-394, 2016.
Taub, M , O'Dell, M., & Toglia, J. (2016). Relationship of Hopkins Rehabilitation Engagement Rating Scale to Baseline Cognition and FIM Change in Acute Inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 97(10), e111-e112.
Toglia, J , Parfene, C., Taub, M., O'Dell, M., & Mastrogiovanni, A. R. (2016). Relationship Between the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and IADL in Persons with Stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 97(10), e53-e54.
Tufaro, D C., Toglia, J., O'Dell, M., & Villanueva, M. Concurrent Validity of the Stroke Upper Limb Capacity Scale (SULCS). Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 10(95): e17, 2014.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
