Stroke — Portable EMG-triggered Hand Robot for Individuals After Stroke
Citation(s)
Ho NS, Tong KY, Hu XL, Fung KL, Wei XJ, Rong W, Susanto EA An EMG-driven exoskeleton hand robotic training device on chronic stroke subjects: task training system for stroke rehabilitation. IEEE Int Conf Rehabil Robot. 2011;2011:5975340. doi: 10.1109/ICO
Hu XL, Tong KY, Wei XJ, Rong W, Susanto EA, Ho SK The effects of post-stroke upper-limb training with an electromyography (EMG)-driven hand robot. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2013 Oct;23(5):1065-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2013.07.007. Epub 2013 Aug 7.
Kwakkel G, Kollen BJ, van der Grond J, Prevo AJ Probability of regaining dexterity in the flaccid upper limb: impact of severity of paresis and time since onset in acute stroke. Stroke. 2003 Sep;34(9):2181-6. Epub 2003 Aug 7.
O'Dell MW, Lin CC, Harrison V Stroke rehabilitation: strategies to enhance motor recovery. Annu Rev Med. 2009;60:55-68. doi: 10.1146/annurev.med.60.042707.104248. Review.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
