Stroke — Trunk Restraint Therapy in Post-stroke Patients.
Citation(s)
Archambault P, Pigeon P, Feldman AG, Levin MF Recruitment and sequencing of different degrees of freedom during pointing movements involving the trunk in healthy and hemiparetic subjects. Exp Brain Res. 1999 May;126(1):55-67.
Cirstea MC, Levin MF Compensatory strategies for reaching in stroke. Brain. 2000 May;123 ( Pt 5):940-53.
de Oliveira R, Cacho EW, Borges G Improvements in the upper limb of hemiparetic patients after reaching movements training. Int J Rehabil Res. 2007 Mar;30(1):67-70.
Michaelsen SM, Dannenbaum R, Levin MF Task-specific training with trunk restraint on arm recovery in stroke: randomized control trial. Stroke. 2006 Jan;37(1):186-92. Epub 2005 Dec 8.
Michaelsen SM, Levin MF Short-term effects of practice with trunk restraint on reaching movements in patients with chronic stroke: a controlled trial. Stroke. 2004 Aug;35(8):1914-9. Epub 2004 Jun 10.
Stewart JC, Gordon J, Winstein CJ Control of reach extent with the paretic and nonparetic arms after unilateral sensorimotor stroke: kinematic differences based on side of brain damage. Exp Brain Res. 2014 Jul;232(7):2407-19. doi: 10.1007/s00221-014-3938-5. Epub 2014 Apr 10.
Wu CY, Chen YA, Chen HC, Lin KC, Yeh IL Pilot trial of distributed constraint-induced therapy with trunk restraint to improve poststroke reach to grasp and trunk kinematics. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2012 Mar-Apr;26(3):247-55. doi: 10.1177/1545968311415862. Epub 2011 Sep 8.
Trunk Restraint Therapy: the Continuous Use of the Harness Could Promote Feedback Dependence in Post-stroke Patients. A Randomized Trial.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.