Stroke — Feedback and Rewards to Increase Motivation for Therapy in Stroke Rehabilitation
Citation(s)
Grahn B, Ekdahl C, Borgquist L Motivation as a predictor of changes in quality of life and working ability in multidisciplinary rehabilitation. A two-year follow-up of a prospective controlled study in patients with prolonged musculoskeletal disorders. Disabil Rehabil. 2000 Oct 15;22(15):639-54.
Harackiewicz, Judith M The effects of reward contingency and performance feedback on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol 37(8), Aug 1979, 1352-1363.
Hosp JA, Pekanovic A, Rioult-Pedotti MS, Luft AR Dopaminergic projections from midbrain to primary motor cortex mediate motor skill learning. J Neurosci. 2011 Feb 16;31(7):2481-7. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5411-10.2011.
Feedback and Rewards to Increase Motivation for Therapy in Stroke Rehabilitation
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
