Stroke — Functional Engagement in Assisted Therapy Through Exercise Robotics
Citation(s)
Edwards JD, Koehoorn M, Boyd LA, Levy AR Is health-related quality of life improving after stroke? A comparison of health utilities indices among Canadians with stroke between 1996 and 2005. Stroke. 2010 May;41(5):996-1000. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.576678. Epub 2010 Apr 1.
Lohse K, Shirzad N, Verster A, Hodges N, Van der Loos HF Video games and rehabilitation: using design principles to enhance engagement in physical therapy. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2013 Dec;37(4):166-75. doi: 10.1097/NPT.0000000000000017. Review.
Lohse KR, Hilderman CG, Cheung KL, Tatla S, Van der Loos HF Virtual reality therapy for adults post-stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis exploring virtual environments and commercial games in therapy. PLoS One. 2014 Mar 28;9(3):e93318. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093318. eCollection 2014 Mar 28.
Lohse KR, Lang CE, Boyd LA Is more better? Using metadata to explore dose-response relationships in stroke rehabilitation. Stroke. 2014 Jul;45(7):2053-8. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.004695. Epub 2014 May 27.
Sakzewski L, Ziviani J, Abbott DF, Macdonell RA, Jackson GD, Boyd RN Randomized trial of constraint-induced movement therapy and bimanual training on activity outcomes for children with congenital hemiplegia. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2011 Apr;53(4):313-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03859.x.
Valdés BA, Hilderman CG, Hung CT, Shirzad N, Van der Loos HF Usability testing of gaming and social media applications for stroke and cerebral palsy upper limb rehabilitation. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2014;2014:3602-5. doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2014.6944
Functional Engagement in Assisted Therapy Through Exercise Robotics
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
