Stroke — Rectus Femoris Tenotomy Versus Botulinum Toxin A for Stiff Knee Gait After Stroke
Citation(s)
Caty GD, Detrembleur C, Bleyenheuft C, Deltombe T, Lejeune TM Effect of simultaneous botulinum toxin injections into several muscles on impairment, activity, participation, and quality of life among stroke patients presenting with a stiff knee gait. Stroke. 2008 Oct;39(10):2803-8. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.516153. Epub 2008 Jul 17.
Namdari S, Pill SG, Makani A, Keenan MA Rectus femoris to gracilis muscle transfer with fractional lengthening of the vastus muscles: a treatment for adults with stiff knee gait. Phys Ther. 2010 Feb;90(2):261-8. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20090151. Epub 2009 Dec 18.
Stoquart GG, Detrembleur C, Palumbo S, Deltombe T, Lejeune TM Effect of botulinum toxin injection in the rectus femoris on stiff-knee gait in people with stroke: a prospective observational study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 Jan;89(1):56-61. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.08.131.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Rectus Femoris Tenotomy Versus Botulinum Toxin A for Stiff Knee Gait After Stroke
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
