Stroke — Visual Cues for Gait Training Post-stroke
Citation(s)
Aziz NA, Leonardi-Bee J, Phillips M, Gladman JR, Legg L, Walker MF Therapy-based rehabilitation services for patients living at home more than one year after stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Apr 16;(2):CD005952. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005952.pub2. Review.
Bank PJ, Roerdink M, Peper CE Comparing the efficacy of metronome beeps and stepping stones to adjust gait: steps to follow! Exp Brain Res. 2011 Mar;209(2):159-69. doi: 10.1007/s00221-010-2531-9. Epub 2011 Jan 8.
Barela JA, Whitall J, et al An examination of constraints affecting the intralimb coordination of hemiparetic gait. Human Movement Science 19: 251-273, 2000.
Griffin MP, Olney SJ et al Role of symmetry in gait performance of stroke subjects with hemiplegia. Gait and Posture 3: 132-142, 1995
Hollands MA, Patla AE, Vickers JN "Look where you're going!": gaze behaviour associated with maintaining and changing the direction of locomotion. Exp Brain Res. 2002 Mar;143(2):221-30. Epub 2002 Jan 10.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
