Stroke — Does More Practice Improve Arm Movement After Stroke?
Citation(s)
Bailey RR, Birkenmeier RL, Lang CE Real-world affected upper limb activity in chronic stroke: an examination of potential modifying factors. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2015 Feb;22(1):26-33. doi: 10.1179/1074935714Z.0000000040. Epub 2015 Jan 21.
Bailey RR, Klaesner JW, Lang CE An accelerometry-based methodology for assessment of real-world bilateral upper extremity activity. PLoS One. 2014 Jul 28;9(7):e103135. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103135. eCollection 2014.
Bailey RR, Klaesner JW, Lang CE Quantifying Real-World Upper-Limb Activity in Nondisabled Adults and Adults With Chronic Stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2015 Nov-Dec;29(10):969-78. doi: 10.1177/1545968315583720. Epub 2015 Apr 20.
Bailey RR, Lang CE Upper-limb activity in adults: referent values using accelerometry. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2013;50(9):1213-22. doi: 10.1682/JRRD.2012.12.0222.
Lang CE, Lohse KR, Birkenmeier RL Dose and timing in neurorehabilitation: prescribing motor therapy after stroke. Curr Opin Neurol. 2015 Dec;28(6):549-55. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000256.
Urbin MA, Bailey RR, Lang CE Validity of body-worn sensor acceleration metrics to index upper extremity function in hemiparetic stroke. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2015 Apr;39(2):111-8. doi: 10.1097/NPT.0000000000000085.
Urbin MA, Hong X, Lang CE, Carter AR Resting-state functional connectivity and its association with multiple domains of upper-extremity function in chronic stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2014 Oct;28(8):761-9. doi: 10.1177/1545968314522349. Epub 2014 Feb 18.
Urbin MA, Waddell KJ, Lang CE Acceleration metrics are responsive to change in upper extremity function of stroke survivors. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015 May;96(5):854-61. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.11.018. Epub 2014 Dec 9.
Waddell KJ, Birkenmeier RL, Bland MD, Lang CE An exploratory analysis of the self-reported goals of individuals with chronic upper-extremity paresis following stroke. Disabil Rehabil. 2016 May;38(9):853-7. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2015.1062926. Epub 2015 Jul 6.
Dose Response of Movement Practice During Stroke Rehabilitation
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
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Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
