Stroke — Safety Study of Botulinum Toxin Type A for the Treatment of Focal Upper Limb Poststroke Spasticity
Citation(s)
Childers MK, Barron RL, Patel RK, Turkel CC A multi-center open label study of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) treatment of focal upper limb post-stroke spasticity: Health utility and quality of life assessment. Can Assoc Phys Med & Rehabil Annual Meeting 2006;(Online):ABS-CL-47
Childers MK, Barron RL, Patel RK, Turkel CC Health utility and quality of life following botulinum toxin type A in repeated doses for the treatment of focal upper-limb spasticity in stroke patients: A multicenter open-label study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005;86(9):E48 ABS-Poster 249
Elovic E, Barron RL, Lui J, Turkel CC Repeated doses of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) for the treatment of post-stroke focal upper limb spasticity: Assessments of resource utilization, caregiver burden, and productivity. Can Assoc Phys Med & Rehabil Annual Meeting 2006;(Online):ABS-CL-49
Elovic E, Brashear A, Kaelin D, McIntosh R, Liu J, Turkel C Safety and efficacy of repeated botulinum toxin type A treatments for focal upper limb poststroke spasticity: Results of a 12-month multicenter, open-label trial. Neurotox Res 2006 Apr;9(2-3):230 ABS-P23
Elovic E, Brashear A, Kaelin D, McIntosh R, Liu JY, Barron R, Turkel C Safety and efficacy of repeated botulinum toxin type A for focal upper limb poststroke spasticity in patients aged 65 years and older in a 12-month multicenter open-label trial. Neurology 2006 14 Mar;66(5 Suppl 2):A297-8 ABS-P05.156
Elovic E, Brashear A, Kaelin D, McIntosh R, Lui J, Turkel C Assessment of safety and efficacy of multiple botulinum toxin type A (BoTN/A) injections for post-stroke focal upper limb spasticity: A one year-long multicenter, open-label trial. Can Assoc Phys Med & Rehabil Annual Meeting 2006;(Online):ABS-CL-51
Elovic E, Kaelin D, Brashear A, McIntosh R, Liu J, Barron R Safety and efficacy of repeated botulinum toxin type A for focal upper-limb poststroke spasticity in patients aged 65 and older in a 12-month multicenter open-label trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Oct;87(11):E50 ABS-PR_272
Elovic EP, Barron RL, Liu J, Turkel CC Resource utilization, productivity, and caregiver burden impact in a trial of repeated doses of botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of focal upper-limb poststroke spasticity: A multicenter open-label study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005;86(9):E46 ABS-Poster 239
Elovic EP, Brashear A, Kaelin D, McIntosh R, Liu J, Turkel CC Safety and efficacy of repeated botulinum toxin type A treatments for focal upper-limb poststroke spasticity: Results of a 12-month multicenter, open-label trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005,86(9):E46-7 ABS-Poster 242.
Mayer N, Barron R, Liu J, Turkel C The burden of illness associated with loss of function after stroke in patients with arm spasticity enrolled in a multicenter open-label study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006 Oct;87(10):E46-7 POS-Poster 54.
Mayer N, Barron RL, Liu J, Turkel CC The burden of illness associated with loss of function after stroke in patients with arm spasticity enrolled in a multicenter open-label study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005;86(9):E47 ABS-Poster 243
Slavic E, Brashear A, Kaelin D, McIntosh R, Liu J, Turkel C The effect of repeated treatment of botulinum toxin type A on poststroke, spasticity-related pain: A subgroup analysis of patients in a 12-month trial. Neurology 2007;68(12 Suppl 1):A177 ABS-P04.131
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
