Cha JH, Kim NH, Cha YJ Effect of proprioceptive stimulation induced by footplate during center of pressure movement tracking training on the balance abilities of patients with chronic hemiplegic stroke: a randomized, controlled, pilot study. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2020 Jan;27(1):38-43. doi: 10.1080/10749357.2019.1661699. Epub 2019 Sep 4.
Cho S, Ku J, Cho YK, Kim IY, Kang YJ, Jang DP, Kim SI Development of virtual reality proprioceptive rehabilitation system for stroke patients. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2014;113(1):258-65. doi: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2013.09.006. Epub 2013 Sep 19.
Donath L, Roth R, Zahner L, Faude O Slackline Training (Balancing Over Narrow Nylon Ribbons) and Balance Performance: A Meta-Analytical Review. Sports Med. 2017 Jun;47(6):1075-1086. doi: 10.1007/s40279-016-0631-9. Review.
Lubetzky-Vilnai A, Kartin D The effect of balance training on balance performance in individuals poststroke: a systematic review. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2010 Sep;34(3):127-37. doi: 10.1097/NPT.0b013e3181ef764d. Review.
Mao Y, Chen P, Li L, Huang D Virtual reality training improves balance function. Neural Regen Res. 2014 Sep 1;9(17):1628-34. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.141795.
Pimentel BN, Filha VAVDS Evaluation of vestibular and oculomotor functions in individuals with dizziness after stroke. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2019 Jan;77(1):25-32. doi: 10.1590/0004-282X20180154.
Seo K, Park SH, Park K The effects of stair gait training using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on stroke patients' dynamic balance ability. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015 May;27(5):1459-62. doi: 10.1589/jpts.27.1459. Epub 2015 May 26.
Smania N, Picelli A, Gandolfi M, Fiaschi A, Tinazzi M Rehabilitation of sensorimotor integration deficits in balance impairment of patients with stroke hemiparesis: a before/after pilot study. Neurol Sci. 2008 Oct;29(5):313-9. doi: 10.1007/s10072-008-0988-0. Epub 2008 Oct 21.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
