Stress — A Prospective Study of RISE for Physicians
Citation(s)
10 Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale. J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston, Measures in health psychology: A user's portfolio. Causal and control beliefs, 35, 37.
11 Silva PJ. The Self-Reflection and Insight Scale: Applying item response theory to craft an efficient short form. Curr Psychol. 2022;41:8635-8645. doi:10.1007/s12144-020-01299-7
13 Stamm, B. H. (2010). Professional Quality of Life: Compassion Satisfaction and Fatigue Version 5 (ProQOL). http://www.proqol.org.
6 Maslach C, Jackson SE, Leiter MP. Maslach Burnout Inventory manual, 3rd ed. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press, 1996.
Bailey AK, Sawyer AT, Robinson PS A Psychoeducational Group Intervention for Nurses: Rationale, Theoretical Framework, and Development. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc. 2023 May-Jun;29(3):232-240. doi: 10.1177/10783903211001116. Epub 2021 Jun 22.
Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983 Dec;24(4):385-96. No abstract available.
Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Monahan PO, Lowe B Anxiety disorders in primary care: prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection. Ann Intern Med. 2007 Mar 6;146(5):317-25. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00004.
Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB The Patient Health Questionnaire-2: validity of a two-item depression screener. Med Care. 2003 Nov;41(11):1284-92. doi: 10.1097/01.MLR.0000093487.78664.3C.
Raes F, Pommier E, Neff KD, Van Gucht D Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the Self-Compassion Scale. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2011 May-Jun;18(3):250-5. doi: 10.1002/cpp.702. Epub 2010 Jun 8.
Sawyer AT, Bailey AK, Green JF, Sun J, Robinson PS Resilience, Insight, Self-Compassion, and Empowerment (RISE): A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psychoeducational Group Program for Nurses. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc. 2023 Jul-Aug;29(4):314-327. doi: 10.1177/10783903211033338. Epub 2021 Jul 23.
Sawyer AT, Tao H, Bailey AK The Impact of a Psychoeducational Group Program on the Mental Well-Being of Unit-Based Nurse Leaders: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jun 2;20(11):6035. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20116035.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
