Stress Urinary Incontinence — Quality and Behavior of Pelvic Floor in Runner Women
Citation(s)
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Carvalhais A, Da Roza T, Vilela S, Jorge RN, Bo K Association Between Physical Activity Level and Pelvic Floor Muscle Variables in Women. Int J Sports Med. 2018 Dec;39(13):995-1000. doi: 10.1055/a-0596-7531. Epub 2018 Oct 16.
Chevalier F, Fernandez-Lao C, Cuesta-Vargas AI Normal reference values of strength in pelvic floor muscle of women: a descriptive and inferential study. BMC Womens Health. 2014 Nov 25;14:143. doi: 10.1186/s12905-014-0143-4.
Goldstick O, Constantini N Urinary incontinence in physically active women and female athletes. Br J Sports Med. 2014 Feb;48(4):296-8. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2012-091880. Epub 2013 May 18.
Leitner M, Moser H, Eichelberger P, Kuhn A, Radlinger L Evaluation of pelvic floor muscle activity during running in continent and incontinent women: An exploratory study. Neurourol Urodyn. 2017 Aug;36(6):1570-1576. doi: 10.1002/nau.23151. Epub 2016 Oct 29.
Luginbuehl H, Naeff R, Zahnd A, Baeyens JP, Kuhn A, Radlinger L Pelvic floor muscle electromyography during different running speeds: an exploratory and reliability study. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2016 Jan;293(1):117-124. doi: 10.1007/s00404-015-3816-9. Epub 2015 Jul 21.
Quality and Behavior of Pelvic Floor in Runner Women
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
