Stress, Psychological — Biology, Identity & Opportunity Study
Citation(s)
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Douglass, S and A.J. Umaña-Taylor, A brief form of the Ethnic Identity Scale: Development and empirical validation. Identity, 2015. 15(1): p. 48-65.
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Hughes ME, Waite LJ, Hawkley LC, Cacioppo JT A Short Scale for Measuring Loneliness in Large Surveys: Results From Two Population-Based Studies. Res Aging. 2004;26(6):655-672. doi: 10.1177/0164027504268574.
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Plunkett, S W. and M.Y. Bámaca-Gómez, The relationship between parenting, acculturation, and adolescent academics in Mexican-origin immigrant families in Los Angeles. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 2003. 25(2): p. 222-239.
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Skinner, E A., T.A. Kindermann, and C.J. Furrer, A motivational perspective on engagement and disaffection: Conceptualization and assessment of children's behavioral and emotional participation in academic activities in the classroom. Educational and Psyc
Smalls C, Cooper SM Racial group regard, barrier socialization, and African American adolescents' engagement: patterns and processes by gender. J Adolesc. 2012 Aug;35(4):887-97. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.12.007. Epub 2012 Jan 15.
Smalls C Effects of mothers' racial socialization and relationship quality on African American youth's school engagement: a profile approach. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2010 Oct;16(4):476-84. doi: 10.1037/a0020653.
Tombaugh TN Trail Making Test A and B: normative data stratified by age and education. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2004 Mar;19(2):203-14. doi: 10.1016/S0887-6177(03)00039-8.
Umana-Taylor AJ, Douglass S, Updegraff KA, Marsiglia FF A Small-Scale Randomized Efficacy Trial of the Identity Project: Promoting Adolescents' Ethnic-Racial Identity Exploration and Resolution. Child Dev. 2018 May;89(3):862-870. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12755. Epub 2017 Mar 21.
Umaña-Taylor AJ, Douglass S Developing an Ethnic-Racial Identity Intervention from a Developmental Perspective: Process, Content, and Implementation of the Identity Project. In Handbook on Positive Development of Minority Children and Youth 2017 (pp. 437
Umana-Taylor AJ, Updegraff KA Latino adolescents' mental health: exploring the interrelations among discrimination, ethnic identity, cultural orientation, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms. J Adolesc. 2007 Aug;30(4):549-67. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.
Umaña-Taylor, A J., A. Yazedjian, and M. Bámaca-Gómez, Developing the ethnic identity scale using Eriksonian and social identity perspectives. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 2004. 4(1): p. 9-38.
Race-based Biological Stress, Ethnic-Racial Identity, and Educational Outcomes: New Approaches to Studying Academic Achievement Gaps
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
