Arévalo-Flechas LC, Lewis SL Lost in translation: What does burden mean to Latino caregivers? [Abstract]. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2006;54(4):S177
Arévalo-Flechas LC Factors influencing Latino/Hispanic caregivers' perception of the experience of caring for a relative with Alzheimer's disease. Dissertation Abstracts International. DAI-B 69/066
Hinton L, Haan M, Geller S, Mungas D Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Latino elders with dementia or cognitive impairment without dementia and factors that modify their association with caregiver depression. Gerontologist. 2003 Oct;43(5):669-77.
Medrano MA, DeVoe PH, Padilla A, Arévalo-Flechas LC A targeted review to examine reporting of translation methodology in Hispanic health studies. Hispanic health care international : the official journal of the National Association of Hispanic Nurses. 2010; 8(3):145 - 153
Ortiz F, Fitten LJ, Cummings JL, Hwang S, Fonseca M Neuropsychiatric and behavioral symptoms in a community sample of Hispanics with Alzheimer's disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2006 Aug-Sep;21(4):263-73.
Piazza JR, Almeida DM, Dmitrieva NO, Klein LC Frontiers in the use of biomarkers of health in research on stress and aging. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2010 Sep;65(5):513-25. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbq049. Epub 2010 Jul 20. Review.
Radloff LS The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement. 1977;1:385-408.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.