Stillbirth — Saving Babies' Lives Project Impact and Results Evaluation: a Mixed Methodology Study
Citation(s)
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Draper ES, K J., Kenyon S (Eds) on behalf of MBRRACE-UK, MBRRACE-UK Perinatal Confidential Enquiry. Term, singleton, normally formed, antepartum stillbirth. Leicester: The Infant Mortality and Morbidity Studies, Department of Health Sciences, Univesity of Leicester. 2015.
Manktelow BN, S L., Seaton SE, Hyman-Taylor P, Kurinczuk JJ, Field DJ. MBRRACE-UK Perinatal Mortality Surveillance Report, UK Perinatal Deaths for Births from Janurary to December 2014. Leicester: The Infant Mortality and Morbidity Studies, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, 2016.
Marufu TC, Ahankari A, Coleman T, Lewis S Maternal smoking and the risk of still birth: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2015 Mar 13;15:239. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1552-5. Review.
NHS England Saving Babies' Lives care bundle 2015.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
