Spontaneous Pneumothorax — Prevalence of Spontaneous Pneumothorax in BHD
Citation(s)
Auerbach A, Roberts DH, Gangadharan SP, Kent MS Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome in a patient presenting with familial spontaneous pneumothorax. Ann Thorac Surg. 2014 Jul;98(1):325-7. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.09.022.
Furuya M, Nakatani Y Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome: clinicopathological features of the lung. J Clin Pathol. 2013 Mar;66(3):178-86. doi: 10.1136/jclinpath-2012-201200. Epub 2012 Dec 8. Review.
Johannesma PC, Thunnissen E, Postmus PE Lung cysts as indicator for Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome. Lung. 2014 Feb;192(1):215-6. doi: 10.1007/s00408-013-9522-0. Epub 2013 Oct 22.
Kilincer A, Ariyurek OM, Karabulut N Cystic lung disease in birt-hogg-dubé syndrome: a case series of three patients. Eurasian J Med. 2014 Jun;46(2):138-41. doi: 10.5152/eajm.2014.31.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.