Spine Deformity — Novel Pedicle Screws Used for Corrective Surgery in Spinal Deformity
Citation(s)
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Suk SI, Kim JH, Kim WJ, Lee SM, Chung ER, Nah KH Posterior vertebral column resection for severe spinal deformities. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2002 Nov 1;27(21):2374-82. doi: 10.1097/00007632-200211010-00012.
Zhu ZZ, Chen X, Qiu Y, Chen ZH, Li S, Xu L, Sun X Adding Satellite Rods to Standard Two-rod Construct With the Use of Duet Screws: An Effective Technique to Improve Surgical Outcomes and Preventing Proximal Junctional Kyphosis in Posterior-Only Correction of Scheuermann Kyphosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2018 Jul 1;43(13):E758-E765. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000002489.
The Biomechanics and Clinical Application of Novel Dual-headed Pedicle Screws in the Corrective Surgery for Spinal Deformity
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
