Spinal; Puncture, Complications — Ultrasound vs Palpation for Infant Lumbar Puncture
Citation(s)
Abo A, Chen L, Johnston P, Santucci K Positioning for lumbar puncture in children evaluated by bedside ultrasound. Pediatrics. 2010 May;125(5):e1149-53. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-0646. Epub 2010 Apr 19.
Bailie HC, Arthurs OJ, Murray MJ, Kelsall AW Weight-based determination of spinal canal depth for paediatric lumbar punctures. Arch Dis Child. 2013 Nov;98(11):877-80. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2013-303793. Epub 2013 Aug 21.
Bonadio W Pediatric lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. J Emerg Med. 2014 Jan;46(1):141-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2013.08.056. Epub 2013 Nov 1.
Bruccoleri RE, Chen L Needle-entry angle for lumbar puncture in children as determined by using ultrasonography. Pediatrics. 2011 Apr;127(4):e921-6. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-2511. Epub 2011 Mar 28.
Coley BD, Shiels WE 2nd, Hogan MJ Diagnostic and interventional ultrasonography in neonatal and infant lumbar puncture. Pediatr Radiol. 2001 Jun;31(6):399-402. doi: 10.1007/s002470100453.
Duniec L, Nowakowski P, Kosson D, Lazowski T Anatomical landmarks based assessment of intravertebral space level for lumbar puncture is misleading in more than 30%. Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2013 Jan-Mar;45(1):1-6. doi: 10.5603/AIT.2013.0001.
Furness G, Reilly MP, Kuchi S An evaluation of ultrasound imaging for identification of lumbar intervertebral level. Anaesthesia. 2002 Mar;57(3):277-80. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2002.2403_4.x.
Kesler H, Dias MS, Kalapos P Termination of the normal conus medullaris in children: a whole-spine magnetic resonance imaging study. Neurosurg Focus. 2007;23(2):E7. doi: 10.3171/FOC-07/08/E7.
Lo MD, Parisi MT, Brown JC, Klein EJ Sitting or tilt position for infant lumbar puncture does not increase ultrasound measurements of lumbar subarachnoid space width. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2013 May;29(5):588-91. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0b013e31828e630d.
Nigrovic LE, Kuppermann N, Neuman MI Risk factors for traumatic or unsuccessful lumbar punctures in children. Ann Emerg Med. 2007 Jun;49(6):762-71. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.10.018. Epub 2007 Feb 23.
Oncel S, Gunlemez A, Anik Y, Alvur M Positioning of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit for lumbar puncture as determined by bedside ultrasonography. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2013 Mar;98(2):F133-5. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2011-301475. Epub 2012 Jun 9.
Tame SJ, Burstal R Investigation of the radiological relationship between iliac crests, conus medullaris and vertebral level in children. Paediatr Anaesth. 2003 Oct;13(8):676-80. doi: 10.1046/j.1460-9592.2003.01120.x.
Wilson DA, Prince JR John Caffey award. MR imaging determination of the location of the normal conus medullaris throughout childhood. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1989 May;152(5):1029-32. doi: 10.2214/ajr.152.5.1029.
Wolf S, Schneble F, Troger J The conus medullaris: time of ascendence to normal level. Pediatr Radiol. 1992;22(8):590-2. doi: 10.1007/BF02015359.
Sonographic Visualization vs Palpation Technique for Infant Lumbar Puncture
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.