Spinal Cord Injuries — Effects of Activity Based Therapy on Upper Limb Strength and Transfer in Spinal Cord Injury Patients
Citation(s)
Argetsinger LC, Singh G, Bickel SG, Calvery ML, Behrman AL Spinal cord injury in infancy: activity-based therapy impact on health, function, and quality of life in chronic injury. Spinal Cord Ser Cases. 2020 Mar 10;6(1):13. doi: 10.1038/s41394-020-0261-1.
Behrman AL, Ardolino EM, Harkema SJ Activity-Based Therapy: From Basic Science to Clinical Application for Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2017 Jul;41 Suppl 3:S39-S45. doi: 10.1097/NPT.0000000000000184. Review.
de Oliveira CQ, Middleton JW, Refshauge K, Davis GM Activity-Based Therapy in a Community Setting for Independence, Mobility, and Sitting Balance for People With Spinal Cord Injuries. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis. 2019 Apr 12;11:1179573519841623. doi: 10.1177/1179573519841623. eCollection 2019.
Hachem LD, Ahuja CS, Fehlings MG Assessment and management of acute spinal cord injury: From point of injury to rehabilitation. J Spinal Cord Med. 2017 Nov;40(6):665-675. doi: 10.1080/10790268.2017.1329076. Epub 2017 Jun 1. Review.
Nas K, Yazmalar L, Sah V, Aydin A, Önes K Rehabilitation of spinal cord injuries. World J Orthop. 2015 Jan 18;6(1):8-16. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v6.i1.8. eCollection 2015 Jan 18. Review.
Quel de Oliveira C, Refshauge K, Middleton J, de Jong L, Davis GM Effects of Activity-Based Therapy Interventions on Mobility, Independence, and Quality of Life for People with Spinal Cord Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Neurotrauma. 2017 May 1;34(9):1726-1743. doi: 10.1089/neu.2016.4558. Epub 2016 Dec 20. Review.
Effects of Activity Based Therapy on Upper Limb Strength and Transfer in Spinal Cord Injury Patients
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
