LePage J, Ottomanelli L, Barnett SD, Njoh EN Spinal cord injury combined with felony history: effect on supported employment for Veterans. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2014;51(10):1497-504. doi: 10.1682/JRRD.2014.02.0045.
Ottomanelli L, Barnett SD, Goetz LL, Toscano R Vocational rehabilitation in spinal cord injury: what vocational service activities are associated with employment program outcome? Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2015 Winter;21(1):31-9. doi: 10.1310/sci2101-3
Ottomanelli L, Barnett SD, Goetz LL A prospective examination of the impact of a supported employment program and employment on health-related quality of life, handicap, and disability among Veterans with SCI. Qual Life Res. 2013 Oct;22(8):2133-41. doi:
Ottomanelli L, Barnett SD, Goetz LL Effectiveness of supported employment for veterans with spinal cord injury: 2-year results. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014 Apr;95(4):784-90. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.11.012. Epub 2013 Dec 4.
Ottomanelli L, Barnett SD, Toscano R Individual placement and support (IPS) in physical rehabilitation and medicine: the VA spinal cord injury experience. Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2014 Jun;37(2):110-2. doi: 10.1037/prj0000079.
Ottomanelli L, Goetz LL, McGeough C, Kashner TM Building research capacity through partnerships: Spinal Cord Injury-Vocational Integration Program Implementations and Outcomes inaugural meeting. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2007;44(1):vii-xii.
Ottomanelli L, Lind L Review of critical factors related to employment after spinal cord injury: implications for research and vocational services. J Spinal Cord Med. 2009;32(5):503-31. Review.
Smith-Morris C, Lopez G, Ottomanelli L, Goetz L, Dixon-Lawson K Ethnography, fidelity, and the evidence that anthropology adds: supplementing the fidelity process in a clinical trial of supported employment. Med Anthropol Q. 2014 Jun;28(2):141-61. doi: 1
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
