Sore Throat — Does Strepsils® With Lignocaine Lozenges Reduce Post Operative Sore Throat Due To Supraglottic Airway Devices
Citation(s)
Bouvet L, Loubradou E, Desgranges FP, Chassard D Effect of gum chewing on gastric volume and emptying: a prospective randomized crossover study. Br J Anaesth. 2017 Nov 1;119(5):928-933. doi: 10.1093/bja/aex270.
Ebneshahidi A, Mohseni M Strepsils® tablets reduce sore throat and hoarseness after tracheal intubation. Anesth Analg. 2010 Oct;111(4):892-4. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181d00c60. Epub 2010 Feb 8.
Gupta D, Agrawal S, Sharma JP Evaluation of preoperative Strepsils lozenges on incidence of postextubation cough and sore throat in smokers undergoing anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Saudi J Anaesth. 2014 Apr;8(2):244-8. doi: 10.4103/1658-354X.130737.
Higgins PP, Chung F, Mezei G Postoperative sore throat after ambulatory surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2002 Apr;88(4):582-4.
Macario A, Weinger M, Carney S, Kim A Which clinical anesthesia outcomes are important to avoid? The perspective of patients. Anesth Analg. 1999 Sep;89(3):652-8.
Ouanes JP, Bicket MC, Togioka B, Tomas VG, Wu CL, Murphy JD The role of perioperative chewing gum on gastric fluid volume and gastric pH: a meta-analysis. J Clin Anesth. 2015 Mar;27(2):146-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2014.07.005. Epub 2014 Nov 28.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
