Heeren A, Mogoa?e C, Philippot P, McNally RJ Attention bias modification for social anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2015 Aug;40:76-90. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2015.06.001. Epub 2015 Jun 6. Review.
Klumpp H, Angstadt M, Phan KL Shifting the focus of attention modulates amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex reactivity to emotional faces. Neurosci Lett. 2012 Apr 18;514(2):210-3. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.03.003. Epub 2012 Mar 8.
Klumpp H, Post D, Angstadt M, Fitzgerald DA, Phan KL Anterior cingulate cortex and insula response during indirect and direct processing of emotional faces in generalized social anxiety disorder. Biol Mood Anxiety Disord. 2013 Apr 2;3:7. doi: 10.1186/2045-5380-3-7. eCollection 2013.
Lazarov A, Abend R, Bar-Haim Y Social anxiety is related to increased dwell time on socially threatening faces. J Affect Disord. 2016 Mar 15;193:282-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.01.007. Epub 2016 Jan 12.
Lazarov A, Pine DS, Bar-Haim Y Gaze-Contingent Music Reward Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Jul 1;174(7):649-656. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16080894. Epub 2017 Jan 20.
Linetzky M, Pergamin-Hight L, Pine DS, Bar-Haim Y Quantitative evaluation of the clinical efficacy of attention bias modification treatment for anxiety disorders. Depress Anxiety. 2015 Jun;32(6):383-91. doi: 10.1002/da.22344. Epub 2015 Feb 24. Erratum in: Depress Anxiety. 2018 Jan;35(1):111-112.
Mogoase C, David D, Koster EH Clinical efficacy of attentional bias modification procedures: an updated meta-analysis. J Clin Psychol. 2014 Dec;70(12):1133-57. doi: 10.1002/jclp.22081. Epub 2014 Mar 20.
Morrison AS, Heimberg RG Social anxiety and social anxiety disorder. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2013;9:249-74. doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185631. Review.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
