Smoking Cessation — In-patient Smoking Cessation Intervention Using Counseling, Spirometry and Nicotine Replacement Therapy
Citation(s)
Fiore MC, Goplerud E, Schroeder SA The Joint Commission's new tobacco-cessation measures--will hospitals do the right thing? N Engl J Med. 2012 Mar 29;366(13):1172-4. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1115176. Epub 2012 Mar 14.
Kotz D, Wesseling G, Huibers MJ, van Schayck OC Efficacy of confronting smokers with airflow limitation for smoking cessation. Eur Respir J. 2009 Apr;33(4):754-62. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00116308. Epub 2009 Jan 7.
McRobbie H, Hajek P Nicotine replacement therapy in patients with cardiovascular disease: guidelines for health professionals. Addiction. 2001 Nov;96(11):1547-51. Review.
Stead LF, Lancaster T Group behaviour therapy programmes for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Apr 18;(2):CD001007. Review.
Thabane M; COPD Working Group Smoking cessation for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): an evidence-based analysis. Ont Health Technol Assess Ser. 2012;12(4):1-50. Epub 2012 Mar 1. Review.
US Department of Health & Human Services The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. 2004. Accessed at www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/smokingconsequences/ on October 31, 2011.
In-patient Smoking Cessation Intervention Using Counseling, Spirometry and Nicotine Replacement Therapy
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
