Smoking Cessation — Efficacy of Naltrexone in Women's Smoking Cessation
Citation(s)
Epstein AM, King AC Naltrexone attenuates acute cigarette smoking behavior. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2004 Jan;77(1):29-37. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2003.09.017.
King A, de Wit H, Riley RC, Cao D, Niaura R, Hatsukami D Efficacy of naltrexone in smoking cessation: a preliminary study and an examination of sex differences. Nicotine Tob Res. 2006 Oct;8(5):671-82. doi: 10.1080/14622200600789767.
King AC, Meyer PJ Naltrexone alteration of acute smoking response in nicotine-dependent subjects. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2000 Jul;66(3):563-72. doi: 10.1016/s0091-3057(00)00258-6.
King AC Role of naltrexone in initial smoking cessation: preliminary findings. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2002 Dec;26(12):1942-4. doi: 10.1097/01.ALC.0000041003.44118.9B. No abstract available.
Efficacy of Naltrexone in Women's Smoking Cessation
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
