Douillard JY, Schiller J ZD0473 combined with other chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of solid malignancies. Eur J Cancer. 2002 Dec;38 Suppl 8:S25-31.
Kanzawa F, Akiyama Y, Saijo N, Nishio K In vitro effects of combinations of cis-amminedichloro (2-methylpyridine) platinum (II) (ZD0473) with other novel anticancer drugs on the growth of SBC-3, a human small cell lung cancer cell line. Lung Cancer. 2003 Jun;40(3):325-32.
Plasencia C, Abad A, Martinez-Balibrea E, Taron M Antiproliferative effects of ZD0473 (AMD473) in combination with 5-fluorouracil or SN38 in human colorectal cancer cell lines. Invest New Drugs. 2004 Nov;22(4):399-409.
Raaphorst GP, Yang DP, Li LF, Malone S Comparison of human tumour cell responses to cisplatin and ZD0473 with and without irradiation. Anticancer Res. 2004 Mar-Apr;24(2B):613-8.
Sharp SY, O'Neill CF, Rogers P, Boxall FE, Kelland LR Retention of activity by the new generation platinum agent AMD0473 in four human tumour cell lines possessing acquired resistance to oxaliplatin. Eur J Cancer. 2002 Nov;38(17):2309-15.
Twelves C, Reck M, Anthoney A, Gatzemeier U, Kaye S A phase I study of ZD0473 combined with paclitaxel for the treatment of solid malignancies. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2003 Oct;52(4):277-81. Epub 2003 Jun 25.
A Phase II Study of Picoplatin as Second-Line Therapy for Subjects With Resistant or Refractory Small Cell Lung Cancer
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
