Capone KA, Dowd SE, Stamatas GN, Nikolovski J Diversity of the human skin microbiome early in life. J Invest Dermatol. 2011 Oct;131(10):2026-32. doi: 10.1038/jid.2011.168. Epub 2011 Jun 23.
Findley K, Grice EA The skin microbiome: a focus on pathogens and their association with skin disease. PLoS Pathog. 2014 Nov 13;10(10):e1004436. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004436. eCollection 2014 Oct. No abstract available.
Fluhr JW, Darlenski R Skin Surface pH in Newborns: Origin and Consequences. Curr Probl Dermatol. 2018;54:26-32. doi: 10.1159/000489515. Epub 2018 Aug 21.
Martins-Costa GM, Bakos R Total Body Photography and Sequential Digital Dermoscopy in Pregnant Women. Dermatol Pract Concept. 2019 Apr 30;9(2):126-131. doi: 10.5826/dpc.0902a08. eCollection 2019 Apr.
Muallem MM, Rubeiz NG Physiological and biological skin changes in pregnancy. Clin Dermatol. 2006 Mar-Apr;24(2):80-3. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2005.10.002.
Nikolovski J, Stamatas GN, Kollias N, Wiegand BC Barrier function and water-holding and transport properties of infant stratum corneum are different from adult and continue to develop through the first year of life. J Invest Dermatol. 2008 Jul;128(7):1728-36. doi: 10.1038/sj.jid.5701239. Epub 2008 Jan 17.
Oranges T, Dini V, Romanelli M Skin Physiology of the Neonate and Infant: Clinical Implications. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle). 2015 Oct 1;4(10):587-595. doi: 10.1089/wound.2015.0642.
Panicker VV, Riyaz N, Balachandran PK A clinical study of cutaneous changes in pregnancy. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2017 Mar;7(1):63-70. doi: 10.1016/j.jegh.2016.10.002. Epub 2016 Nov 19.
Pierard-Franchimont C, Pierard GE Alterations in hair follicle dynamics in women. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:957432. doi: 10.1155/2013/957432. Epub 2013 Dec 24.
Surber C, Dragicevic N, Kottner J Skin Care Products for Healthy and Diseased Skin. Curr Probl Dermatol. 2018;54:183-200. doi: 10.1159/000489532. Epub 2018 Aug 21.
Thom E Pregnancy and the hair growth cycle: anagen induction against hair growth disruption using Nourkrin(R) with Marilex(R) , a proteoglycan replacement therapy. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2017 Sep;16(3):421-427. doi: 10.1111/jocd.12286. Epub 2016 Sep 23.
Visscher MO, Adam R, Brink S, Odio M Newborn infant skin: physiology, development, and care. Clin Dermatol. 2015 May-Jun;33(3):271-80. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2014.12.003. Epub 2014 Dec 8.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
