Cieza A, Causey K, Kamenov K, Hanson SW, Chatterji S, Vos T Global estimates of the need for rehabilitation based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2021 Dec 19;396(10267):2006-2017. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32340-0. Epub 2020 Dec 1. Erratum In: Lancet. 2020 Dec 4;:
Cottrell MA, Galea OA, O'Leary SP, Hill AJ, Russell TG Real-time telerehabilitation for the treatment of musculoskeletal conditions is effective and comparable to standard practice: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rehabil. 2017 May;31(5):625-638. doi: 10.1177/0269215516645148. Epub 2016 May 2.
Dahlberg LE, Dell'Isola A, Lohmander LS, Nero H Improving osteoarthritis care by digital means - Effects of a digital self-management program after 24- or 48-weeks of treatment. PLoS One. 2020 Mar 4;15(3):e0229783. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229783. eCollection 2020.
Gava V, Ribeiro LP, Barreto RPG, Camargo PR Effectiveness of physical therapy given by telerehabilitation on pain and disability of individuals with shoulder pain: A systematic review. Clin Rehabil. 2022 Jun;36(6):715-725. doi: 10.1177/02692155221083496. Epub 2022 Mar 1.
Gohir SA, Eek F, Kelly A, Abhishek A, Valdes AM Effectiveness of Internet-Based Exercises Aimed at Treating Knee Osteoarthritis: The iBEAT-OA Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Feb 1;4(2):e210012. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.0012. Erratum In: JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Mar 1;4(3):e216209.
Haik MN, Alburquerque-Sendin F, Moreira RF, Pires ED, Camargo PR Effectiveness of physical therapy treatment of clearly defined subacromial pain: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Br J Sports Med. 2016 Sep;50(18):1124-34. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095771. Epub 2016 Jun 10.
Holmgren T, Hallgren HB, Oberg B, Adolfsson L, Johansson K Effect of specific exercise strategy on need for surgery in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome: randomised controlled study. Br J Sports Med. 2014 Oct;48(19):1456-7. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-e787rep.
Lee AC COVID-19 and the Advancement of Digital Physical Therapist Practice and Telehealth. Phys Ther. 2020 Jul 19;100(7):1054-1057. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa079. No abstract available.
Pieters L, Lewis J, Kuppens K, Jochems J, Bruijstens T, Joossens L, Struyf F An Update of Systematic Reviews Examining the Effectiveness of Conservative Physical Therapy Interventions for Subacromial Shoulder Pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2020 Mar;50(3):131-141. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2020.8498. Epub 2019 Nov 15.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
