Shoulder Pain — Dry Needling for Shoulder Adhesive Capsulitis
Citation(s)
Clewley D, Flynn TW, Koppenhaver S Trigger point dry needling as an adjunct treatment for a patient with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2014 Feb;44(2):92-101. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2014.4915. Epub 2013 Nov 21.
Dempsey AL, Mills T, Karsch RM, Branch TP Maximizing total end range time is safe and effective for the conservative treatment of frozen shoulder patients. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2011 Sep;90(9):738-45. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e318214ed0d.
Griggs SM, Ahn A, Green A Idiopathic adhesive capsulitis. A prospective functional outcome study of nonoperative treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2000 Oct;82(10):1398-407.
Hall ML, Mackie AC, Ribeiro DC Effects of dry needling trigger point therapy in the shoulder region on patients with upper extremity pain and dysfunction: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Physiotherapy. 2018 Jun;104(2):167-177. doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2017.08.001. Epub 2017 Aug 7.
Jewell DV, Riddle DL, Thacker LR Interventions associated with an increased or decreased likelihood of pain reduction and improved function in patients with adhesive capsulitis: a retrospective cohort study. Phys Ther. 2009 May;89(5):419-29. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20080250. Epub 2009 Mar 6.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
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Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
