Shoulder Impingement — Dynamic Ultrasound in Shoulder Impingement
Citation(s)
Coats-Thomas MS, Massimini DF, Warner JJP, Seitz AL In Vivo Evaluation of Subacromial and Internal Impingement Risk in Asymptomatic Individuals. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2018 Sep;97(9):659-665. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000000940.
Daghir AA, Sookur PA, Shah S, Watson M Dynamic ultrasound of the subacromial-subdeltoid bursa in patients with shoulder impingement: a comparison with normal volunteers. Skeletal Radiol. 2012 Sep;41(9):1047-53. doi: 10.1007/s00256-011-1295-z. Epub 2011 Oct 14.
Do HK, Lim JY Ultrasonographic Evaluation and Feasibility of Posterosuperior Internal Impingement Syndrome: A Case Series. PM R. 2017 Jan;9(1):88-94. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.06.008. Epub 2016 Jun 16.
Michener LA, Subasi Yesilyaprak SS, Seitz AL, Timmons MK, Walsworth MK Supraspinatus tendon and subacromial space parameters measured on ultrasonographic imaging in subacromial impingement syndrome. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2015 Feb;23(2):363-9. doi: 10.1007/s00167-013-2542-8. Epub 2013 Jun 5.
Rowbotham EL, Grainger AJ VIDEO: Ultrasound Evaluation of External Shoulder Impingement. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2018 Aug;211(2):W122. doi: 10.2214/AJR.18.19534. Epub 2018 Jun 21.
Soker G, Gulek B, Soker E, Kaya O, Inan I, Arslan M, Esen K, Memis D, Yilmaz C Sonographic assessment of subacromial bursa distension during arm abduction: establishing a threshold value in the diagnosis of subacromial impingement syndrome. J Med Ultrason (2001). 2018 Apr;45(2):287-294. doi: 10.1007/s10396-017-0839-9. Epub 2017 Oct 26.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
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Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
