Sensorineural Hearing Loss — The Effect of Sound Stimulation on Pure-tone Hearing Threshold
Citation(s)
Canlon B, Borg E, Flock A Protection against noise trauma by pre-exposure to a low level acoustic stimulus. Hear Res. 1988 Jul 15;34(2):197-200.
Harris KC, Bielefeld E, Hu BH, Henderson D Increased resistance to free radical damage induced by low-level sound conditioning. Hear Res. 2006 Mar;213(1-2):118-29. Epub 2006 Feb 8.
Niu X, Tahera Y, Canlon B Protection against acoustic trauma by forward and backward sound conditioning. Audiol Neurootol. 2004 Sep-Oct;9(5):265-73. Epub 2004 Aug 13.
Noreña AJ, Eggermont JJ Enriched acoustic environment after noise trauma reduces hearing loss and prevents cortical map reorganization. J Neurosci. 2005 Jan 19;25(3):699-705.
The Effect of Sound Stimulation on Pure-tone Hearing Threshold
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
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Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
