Self-Examination — Flipped Learning Model on Students' Knowledge and Health Beliefs
Citation(s)
Akar SZ, Bebis H Evaluation of the effectiveness of testicular cancer and testicular self-examination training for patient care personnel: intervention study. Health Educ Res. 2014 Dec;29(6):966-76. doi: 10.1093/her/cyu055. Epub 2014 Sep 23.
Betihavas V, Bridgman H, Kornhaber R, Cross M The evidence for 'flipping out': A systematic review of the flipped classroom in nursing education. Nurse Educ Today. 2016 Mar;38:15-21. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2015.12.010. Epub 2015 Dec 22. Review.
Hanson J Surveying the experiences and perceptions of undergraduate nursing students of a flipped classroom approach to increase understanding of drug science and its application to clinical practice. Nurse Educ Pract. 2016 Jan;16(1):79-85. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2015.09.001. Epub 2015 Oct 9.
Iyigun E, Tastan S, Ayhan H, Kose G, Acikel C Validity and reliability analysis of the planned behavior theory scale related to the testicular self-examination in a Turkish context. Postgrad Med. 2016 Jun;128(5):496-501. doi: 10.1080/00325481.2016.1182872. Epub 2016 May 10.
Kim HS, Kim MY, Cho MK, Jang SJ Effectiveness of applying flipped learning to clinical nursing practicums for nursing students in Korea: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Pract. 2017 Oct;23(5). doi: 10.1111/ijn.12574. Epub 2017 Jul 25.
Levi F, Lucchini F, Negri E, Boyle P, La Vecchia C Cancer mortality in Europe, 1995-1999, and an overview of trends since 1960. Int J Cancer. 2004 Jun 10;110(2):155-69. Erratum in: Int J Cancer. 2004 Oct 10;111(6):981.
Ugboma HA, Aburoma HL Public awareness of testicular cancer and testicular self-examination in academic environments: a lost opportunity. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2011;66(7):1125-8.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
