Scoliosis Idiopathic — Hip and Knee Moments Normal and With Scoliosis
Citation(s)
Karol L , Halliday, Gourineni P (2000).: Gait and function after intraarticular hip arthrodesis during a dolescence. J. Bone Joint Surg Am 82: 561-569. Stephen J. and Stricker M. (2002): The Malaligned Adolescent SpinePart 1: Idiopathic Adolescent Scoliosis.International Pediatrics (17): 43-47. Sucato D., Hedequist D. and Karol L(1998).: Gait analysis in idiopathic scoliosis before and after surgery: a comparison of the pre- and postoperative muscle activation pattern. Eur Spine J 7(1): 6-11. Allington N. and Bowen J. (1996): Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: treatment with the Wilmington brace: A comparison of full-time and part-time use. J Bone Joint Surg 78: 1056-1062. Burwell R., Cole A., Cook T., Grivas T., Kiel A., Moulton A., Thirlwall A., Upadhyay S., Webb J. andWemyss S (2004).: Pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg 86(9): 2005-2014.
Hip and Knee Abductor Moments in Normal Subjects and Subjects With Idiopathic Scoliosis: Comparative Study
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
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Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
