Schizophrenia — Effect of Hot Footbath on the Sleep Quality
Citation(s)
Chan MS, Chung KF, Yung KP, Yeung WF Sleep in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of polysomnographic findings in case-control studies. Sleep Med Rev. 2017 Apr;32:69-84. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2016.03.001. Epub 2016 Mar 10. Review.
Valizadeh L, Seyyedrasooli A, Zamanazadeh V, Nasiri K Comparing the Effects of Reflexology and Footbath on Sleep Quality in the Elderly: A Controlled Clinical Trial. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2015 Nov 1;17(11):e20111. doi: 10.5812/ircmj.20111. eCollection
Yang HL, Chen XP, Lee KC, Fang FF, Chao YF The effects of warm-water footbath on relieving fatigue and insomnia of the gynecologic cancer patients on chemotherapy. Cancer Nurs. 2010 Nov-Dec;33(6):454-60. doi: 10.1097/NCC.0b013e3181d761c1.
Effect of Hot Footbath on the Sleep Quality of Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
