Saphenous Nerve Block — Saphenous Nerve Block for Foot and Ankle Surgery
Citation(s)
Benzon HT, Sharma S, Calimaran A Comparison of the different approaches to saphenous nerve block. Anesthesiology. 2005 Mar;102(3):633-8.
Chen J, Lesser J, Hadzic A, Resta-Flarer F The importance of the proximal saphenous nerve block for foot and ankle surgery. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2013 Jul-Aug;38(4):372. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0b013e318295596a.
Chi J, Greensmith JE Saphenous nerve block technique with neurostimulation. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2007 Nov-Dec;32(6):548-9.
Comfort VK, Lang SA, Yip RW Saphenous nerve anaesthesia--a nerve stimulator technique. Can J Anaesth. 1996 Aug;43(8):852-7.
Head SJ, Leung RC, Hackman GP, Seib R, Rondi K, Schwarz SK Ultrasound-guided saphenous nerve block--within versus distal to the adductor canal: a proof-of-principle randomized trial. Can J Anaesth. 2015 Jan;62(1):37-44. doi: 10.1007/s12630-014-0255-1. Epub 2014 Oct 22.
Horn JL, Pitsch T, Salinas F, Benninger B Anatomic basis to the ultrasound-guided approach for saphenous nerve blockade. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2009 Sep-Oct;34(5):486-9. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0b013e3181ae11af.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
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Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
