Bolmont B, Thullier F, Abraini JH Relationships between mood states and performances in reaction time, psychomotor ability, and mental efficiency during a 31-day gradual decompression in a hypobaric chamber from sea level to 8848 m equivalent altitude. Physiol Behav. 2000 Dec;71(5):469-76. doi: 10.1016/s0031-9384(00)00362-0.
Bouak F, Vartanian O, Hofer K, Cheung B Acute Mild Hypoxic Hypoxia Effects on Cognitive and Simulated Aircraft Pilot Performance. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018 Jun 1;89(6):526-535. doi: 10.3357/AMHP.5022.2018.
Cooper S, Cant R, Porter J, Sellick K, Somers G, Kinsman L, Nestel D Rating medical emergency teamwork performance: development of the Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM). Resuscitation. 2010 Apr;81(4):446-52. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2009.11.027. Epub 2010 Feb 1.
Issa AN, Herman NM, Wentz RJ, Taylor BJ, Summerfield DC, Johnson BD Association of Cognitive Performance with Time at Altitude, Sleep Quality, and Acute Mountain Sickness Symptoms. Wilderness Environ Med. 2016 Sep;27(3):371-8. doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2016.04.008. Epub 2016 Jul 22.
Kryskow MA, Beidleman BA, Fulco CS, Muza SR Performance during simple and complex military psychomotor tasks at various altitudes. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2013 Nov;84(11):1147-52. doi: 10.3357/asem.3245.2013.
Luks AM, Swenson ER, Bartsch P Acute high-altitude sickness. Eur Respir Rev. 2017 Jan 31;26(143):160096. doi: 10.1183/16000617.0096-2016. Print 2017 Jan.
Mairer K, Wille M, Burtscher M The prevalence of and risk factors for acute mountain sickness in the Eastern and Western Alps. High Alt Med Biol. 2010 Winter;11(4):343-8. doi: 10.1089/ham.2010.1039.
McMorris T, Hale BJ, Barwood M, Costello J, Corbett J Effect of acute hypoxia on cognition: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017 Mar;74(Pt A):225-232. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.019. Epub 2017 Jan 19. Erratum In: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2019 Mar;98:333. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.01.017.
Moraga FA, Lopez I, Morales A, Soza D, Noack J The Effect of Oxygen Enrichment on Cardiorespiratory and Neuropsychological Responses in Workers With Chronic Intermittent Exposure to High Altitude (ALMA, 5,050 m). Front Physiol. 2018 Mar 23;9:187. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00187. eCollection 2018.
Nadkarni LD, Roskind CG, Auerbach MA, Calhoun AW, Adler MD, Kessler DO The Development and Validation of a Concise Instrument for Formative Assessment of Team Leader Performance During Simulated Pediatric Resuscitations. Simul Healthc. 2018 Apr;13(2):77-82. doi: 10.1097/SIH.0000000000000267.
Phillips L, Basnyat B, Chang Y, Swenson ER, Harris NS Findings of Cognitive Impairment at High Altitude: Relationships to Acetazolamide Use and Acute Mountain Sickness. High Alt Med Biol. 2017 Jun;18(2):121-127. doi: 10.1089/ham.2016.0001. Epub 2017 May 16.
Sato T, Takazawa T, Inoue M, Tada Y, Suto T, Tobe M, Saito S Cardiorespiratory dynamics of rescuers during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a hypoxic environment. Am J Emerg Med. 2018 Sep;36(9):1561-1564. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.01.029. Epub 2018 Jan 8.
Shaw DM, Cabre G, Gant N Hypoxic Hypoxia and Brain Function in Military Aviation: Basic Physiology and Applied Perspectives. Front Physiol. 2021 May 17;12:665821. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.665821. eCollection 2021.
Stream JO, Grissom CK Update on high-altitude pulmonary edema: pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment. Wilderness Environ Med. 2008 Winter;19(4):293-303. doi: 10.1580/07-WEME-REV-173.1.
Suto T, Saito S, Tobe M, Kanamoto M, Matsui Y Reduction of Arterial Oxygen Saturation Among Rescuers During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in a Hypobaric Hypoxic Environment. Wilderness Environ Med. 2020 Mar;31(1):97-100. doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2019.10.008. Epub 2020 Feb 7.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.